Southern Italian and Spanish swords are straight, and the clubs appear to be knobbly cudgels.Northern Italian swords are curved outward and the clubs appear to be batons.The systems can be distinguished by the pips of their long suits: swords and clubs. There are four types of Latin suits: Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and an extinct archaic type. They are the earliest suit-system in Europe, and were adopted from the cards imported from Mamluk Egypt and Moorish Granada in the 1370s. The Latin suits are coins, clubs, cups, and swords.
These Turko-Arabic cards, called Kanjifa, used the suits coins, clubs, cups, and swords, but the clubs represented polo sticks Europeans changed that suit, as polo was an obscure sport to them. The inverting of suits had no purpose in terms of play but was an artifact from the earliest games. This was also true for the European games of Tarot and Ombre.
In the Indo-Persian game of Ganjifa, half the suits were also inverted, including a suit of coins. In many early Chinese games like Madiao, the suit of coins was in reverse order so that the lower ones beat the higher ones. Another clue linking these Chinese, Muslim, and European cards are the ranking of certain suits. The Chinese numeral character for Ten ( 十) on the Tens of Myriads suit may have inspired the Muslim suit of swords. The Muslims renamed the suit of myriads as cups this may have been due to seeing a Chinese character for "myriad" ( 万) upside-down. A string of coins could easily be misinterpreted as a stick to those unfamiliar with them.īy then the Islamic world had spread into Central Asia and had contacted China, and had adopted playing cards. Old Chinese coins had holes in the middle to allow them to be strung together. The money-suit system is based on denominations of currency: Coins, Strings of Coins, Myriads of Strings (or of coins), and Tens of Myriads. The concept of suits predate playing cards and can be found in Chinese dice and domino games such as Tien Gow.Ĭhinese money-suited cards are believed to be the oldest ancestor to the Latin suit-system. A card of one suit cannot beat a card from another regardless of its rank. The earliest card games were trick-taking games and the invention of suits increased the level of strategy and depth in these games. troops were stationed, both in WWII and later deployments.Main articles: Spanish-suited playing cards and Italian playing cards It also remained widely popular in countries in which U.S. After the war, veterans brought the game back home to the U.S., where due to the GI Bill it spread to and became popular among college students as well as in home games. The game's popularity in the armed forces stems from its simplicity compared to Bridge and Euchre and the fact that it can be more easily interrupted than Poker, all of which were also popular military card games. came during World War II, when it was introduced by soldiers from its birthplace in Cincinnati, Ohio to various military stations around the world. The game's rise to popularity in the U.S. It is unclear which game it is most directly descended from, but it is known that Spades is a member of the Whist family and is a simplification of Contract Bridge such that a skilled Spades player can learn Bridge relatively quickly (the major additional rules being dynamic trump, the auction, dummy play, and rubber scoring). Spades was devised in the United States in the late 1930s and became popular in the 1940s. Its major difference as compared to other Whist variants is that, instead of trump being decided by the highest bidder or at random, the Spade suit is always trump, hence the name. Spades is a descendant of the Whist family of card games, which also includes Bridge, Hearts, and Oh Hell. In partnership Spades, the bids and tricks taken are combined for a partnership. The object is to take at least the number of tricks (also known as "books") that were bid before play of the hand began. It can be played as either a partnership or solo/"cutthroat" game. Spades is a trick-taking card game devised in the United States in the 1930s.
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